Bioassay of milk for estrogen content from stilbestrol-treated and non-treated cows

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1956 B37Master of Scienc

Finding a Nash Equilibrium in Spatial Games is an NP-Complete Problem

We consider the class of (finite) spatial games. We show that the problem of determining whether there exists a Nash equilibrium in which each player has a payoff of at least k is NP-complete as a function of the number of players. When each player has two strategies and the base game is an anti-coordination game, the problem is decidable in polynomial time.spatial games; NP-completeness; graph K-colorability

Average tree solutions for graph games

In this paper we consider cooperative graph games being TU-games in which players cooperate if they are connected in the communication graph. We focus our attention to the average tree solutions introduced by Herings, van der Laan and Talman [6] and Herings, van der Laan, Talman and Yang [7]. Each average tree solution is defined with re- spect to a set, say T , of admissible rooted spanning trees. Each average tree solution is characterized by efficiency, linearity and an axiom of T - hierarchy on the class of all graph games with a fixed communication graph. We also establish that the set of admissible rooted spanning trees introduced by Herings, van der Laan, Talman and Yang [7] is the largest set of rooted spanning trees such that the corresponding aver- age tree solution is a Harsanyi solution. One the other hand, we show that this set of rooted spanning trees cannot be constructed by a dis- tributed algorithm. Finally, we propose a larger set of spanning trees which coincides with the set of all rooted spanning trees in clique-free graphs and that can be computed by a distributed algorithm.

Barriers to recovery and recommendations for change: the Pennsylvania Consensus Conference on psychiatry\u27s role.

OBJECTIVE: Recovery has emerged over the past decade as a dominant theme in public mental health care. METHODS: The 2006 Pennsylvania Consensus Conference brought together 24 community psychiatrists to explore the barriers they experienced in promoting recovery and their recommendations for change. RESULTS: Twelve barriers were identified and classified into one of three categories: psychiatry knowledge, roles, and training; the need to transform public mental health systems and services; and environmental barriers to opportunity. Participants made 22 recommendations to address these barriers through changes in policies, programs, and psychiatric knowledge and practice. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations identify areas for change that can be accomplished through individual psychiatrist action and organized group efforts

Sensitivity of a high‐elevation rocky mountain watershed to altered climate and CO2

We explored the hydrologic and ecological responses of a headwater mountain catchment, Loch Vale watershed, to climate change and doubling of atmospheric CO2 scenarios using the Regional Hydro‐Ecological Simulation System (RHESSys). A slight (2°C) cooling, comparable to conditions observed over the past 40 years, led to greater snowpack and slightly less runoff, evaporation, transpiration, and plant productivity. An increase of 2°C yielded the opposite response, but model output for an increase of 4°C showed dramatic changes in timing of hydrologic responses. The snowpack was reduced by 50%, and runoff and soil water increased and occurred 4–5 weeks earlier with 4°C warming. Alpine tundra photosynthetic rates responded more to warmer and wetter conditions than subalpine forest, but subalpine forest showed a greater response to doubling of atmospheric CO2 than tundra. Even though water use efficiency increased with the double CO2 scenario, this had little effect on basin‐wide runoff because the catchment is largely unvegetated. Changes in winter and spring climate conditions were more important to hydrologic and vegetation dynamics than changes that occurred during summer

Mirror Support

Disclosed herein is a method of making a mirror support comprising a composite, the composite comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes, wherein at least two of the plurality of carbon nanotubes are bonded to each other through a bridging moiety bound to each of the two carbon nanotubes, and a laminate comprising the composite

Carbon nanotubes on graphene: Electrical and interfacial properties

An integrated circuit (IC) consists of copper (Cu) and tungsten (W) interconnects to facilitate conduction among its components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors. As the minimum feature size in IC technology continues to scale downward into the sub-20 nm regime, interconnects are faced with performance and reliability challenges arising from increased resistance and electromigration, respectively [1]. To partially mitigate such challenges, our project aims at studying a structure as a potential replacement for Cu and W, formed by growing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) directly onto graphene, and investigating the resulting electrical and interfacial properties. Various CNT/Graphene structures are fabricated using sputtered iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), or nickel (Ni) catalyst films and subsequent thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) processes for CNT growth. The objective of this research is to assess the viability of CNTs directly grown on graphene as a functional alternative to Cu and W interconnects in integrated circuits. Using Co as a catalyst for CNT growth with a thermal CVD process, we have succeeded in creating a conductive all-carbon 3D interconnect structure